Category Archives: Drama

In the late 1970s and 1980s, Yeshiva High School of Atlanta, the school of which I was principal, had an influx of students from Iran, who fled after the Iranian Revolution. All of them were very well behaved, had a smile on their face, and very much wanted to please. Some came without their parents and had to live with local families. It was a trying time for them; but most made a productive transition to life in America and were remarkably successful in their careers.

I thought of my Iranian students as I watched The Good Lie. The Good Lie tells the story of four child refugees from the Second Sudanese Civil War. After their parents are murdered, they journey to Ethiopia in search of a safe haven where they can have food and shelter. Many years later, they are chosen to be part of a major resettlement initiative in the United States. They welcome this opportunity to begin life anew, and they travel to Kansas City to their new homes. Regrettably, the sister of one of the boys has to be relocated to Boston, where there is a welcoming family prepared to accept her into their home.

Their new environment is strange, but with the help of Carrie Davis, an employment counselor, they find jobs and slowly reconstruct their lives in this new land. Their work at first is menial labor, but gradually they learn skills that enable them to move upwards socially and financially.

Haunting them throughout their odyssey are old memory tapes of past traumas that at times make their adjustment problematic. The shock of seeing a loved one killed or mauled by a lion is not easily forgotten. Nor do they throw out food casually when they remember the days when they endured starvation on a daily basis. Thankfully, their caring hosts do not abandon them in their periods of self-doubt and adversity, thus enabling them to eventually make a successful transition to their new environment.

Jewish tradition is very sensitive to the predicament of the outsider, the stranger in one’s midst. It is a foundational concept rooted in the historic reality that Jews were strangers in the land of Egypt. There are numerous warnings in the Bible not to oppress the stranger financially or verbally. The Talmud reminds us that language can hurt or heal. It can make people feel welcome or it can estrange people; therefore, we have to be very sensitive when talking to the outsider, the stranger.

Rabbi Jonathan Sacks perceptively writes: “a stranger, in particular, is sensitive to his or her status within society. He or she is an outsider. Strangers do not share with the native born a memory, a past, a sense of belonging. They are conscious of their vulnerability.”

Rabbi Sacks, quoting the great medieval sage Nachmanides, points out how powerless is the stranger in comparison to those who are native born. The stranger has no support network, no family, friends, or neighbors who are ready to help in times of crisis. Furthermore, the stranger is psychologically defenseless. Alone without family and friends, he feels isolated and unprotected. That is perhaps why God is the protector of the stranger since no one else is ready to step up and help them. Sacks further suggests that the Jew is the archetypal stranger with different beliefs and different customs; and, therefore, Jews should understand how important it is to integrate the outsider into the community. We need to make him feel safe and at home.

In the final analysis, we are all strangers at some time in our lives. The Good Lie reminds us to take care of the outsider and make him feel like an insider.

Purchase this movie from Amazon.com.

In the mid-1960s, I knew a couple that had a Down’s Syndrome child. They never took him home from the hospital.

There is no question that having a special needs child is challenging, but different families handle adversity in different ways. What’s Eating Gilbert Grape offers one example. Gilbert Grape lives n the small town of Endora together with his mentally challenged brother Arnie, his two sisters Amy and Ellen, and their obese mother Bonnie who weighs over 500 pounds. Depressed for many years since her husband’s death, she has not left her house for the past seven years. Gilbert is the surrogate father, taking care of Arnie who often gets into trouble when he climbs the town water tower and indirectly compels the fire department to try to coax him down to safety.

As the family prepares for Arnie’s eighteenth birthday party, Gilbert meets Becky, an attractive young woman, who gets stuck in Endora when her trailer breaks down. Becky and Gilbert become friends and they share their private thoughts and dreams with one another. What moves Gilbert to connect with Becky is her non-judgmental attitude towards others, specifically his brother and mother. She does not view them as freaks, but rather as people who are challenged by life experiences.

What’s Eating Gilbert Grape is a film that wanders. Watching the characters move from crisis to crisis is like observing life in real time, but cumulatively the scenes present a family that has figured out a way to deal with life’s disappointments and uncertainties. The members of the family love one another and support one another in spite of major emotional challenges. The family’s patience with Arnie and their abiding love for their mother is the glue that keeps them together and functioning despite obstacles.

Let me share some personal insights that came to mind as I watched the movie. My sister Carol was born with Down’s syndrome many years ago when mental retardation was referred to as mongoloidism, a strange and pejorative sounding term. Carol was six years older than me, but my sister Martha, only a year younger than Carol, probably could give a more realistic picture of what it was like to grow up with a developmentally disabled sibling who looked very different from the average child.

My mother and father got married late. She was in her late 30s and my father was in his 40s. In the late 1930s, Down’s syndrome wasn’t called Down’s syndrome; it was called mental retardation, and my sister Carol attended events for the mentally retarded. My mother and father felt terribly disappointed in not having a normal child. My father, in fact, occasionally would remind me not to tease Carol because she was “cursed.” This was a harsh term for my young ears, but I did stop my teasing. My parents were very sweet, sensitive people and devoted parents, but they were operating in a different social and therapeutic world than today’s parents of disabled children.

After her initial disappointment, my parents showered Carol with love and began thinking about what they could do for her. My mother committed many hours each and every day to doing the best for Carol. My mother made the rounds of many hospitals and doctors to see what could be done. Carol, my parents learned, could not improve much; but she could learn some things, so my mother tried her best to educate her. She registered her in the local public school in Mt. Vernon, New York, with my sister Martha; but after kindergarten, Carol was discharged. My mother then took her to a school in the Bronx, taking an elevated subway every day. It was an arduous trip, but my mother persevered.

Carol, like most children with Down’s syndrome, could not tell a lie. She had no concept of falsehood.   One day she told her teacher that she lived in Mt. Vernon. The next thing my Mom knew was that Carol was being discharged as a non-resident of New York City. That incident was the catalyst for my mother to try to establish a school for retarded children in Westchester County closer to our home. I recall many meetings that my parents attended working on behalf of this landmark project. There was a major battle over zoning laws and with neighbors who did not want a school for retarded children in their neighborhood. But eventually my mother was successful and the school was established and grew over the years. Moreover, as time went on, my mother was one of the founders of a Retarded Children’s workshop in White Plains which was located about 45 minutes by bus from Mt. Vernon.

My father, who labored hard as a painting contractor, would rise early in the morning to bring Carol to the bus stop, wait with her until she boarded, and then return at the end of the day to pick her up. I had it easy since these daily taxing responsibilities were not mine. But watching my mother devote so much energy to this important cause for the sake of her child taught me a valuable lesson about perseverance. Once she got over her initial disappointment, she always made the best out of a situation and she never gave up.

As a younger brother, I did not have the same challenges as my sister Martha who was so close in age to Carol. Martha spent lots of time with her and was very close with Carol. When Martha entered high school, I sensed that it was difficult for her. Martha’s circle of friends changed. Her friends had little understanding of mental retardation, and Martha became very self-conscious of Carol’s uniqueness whenever her friends came by to visit. Martha always was a good sister to Carol, but it was difficult for her to explain Carol’s specialness to her friends in the 1950s when Down’s syndrome was much less understood than now.

As a little boy, I would fantasize about becoming a doctor and being able to transform Carol into a normal person; but as I grew older I understood that my hopes for Carol were only a dream. Over the years I tried to be a dutiful brother, especially after my parents passed away. When my own children were of age, I explained Carol’s situation to them and they were always warm and accepting of their aunt, who always had a sweet smile for them whenever she saw them. Having her close by prompted me to remind my kids of how fortunate they were to possess a normal intellect, with the potential to learn so much knowledge. Why things happen is ultimately unknowable, and we need to reflect that there but for the grace of God go I.

Perhaps this is one of the lessons we learn from people with disabilities of all types: to be appreciative, to be grateful, for our own normality. In fact, I told my children that when we see people with a visible abnormal appearance, we recite a blessing: “Blessed are You, God of the Universe, who makes creatures different.” It could be that the Sages who formulated this blessing wanted to convey the message that all humans, no matter what their intellect or appearance, are creations of God imbued with an essential sanctity.

Which brings me back to What’s Eating Gilbert Grape. Its implicit message is that every child is a precious gift from God. Everyone has infinite value. Everyone deserves respect, and all are a reflection of the divine.

Purchase this movie from Amazon.com.

I have been teaching kids for many years and I always tell them it is okay to make mistakes. Failure can be redemptive if you fail forward. Moreover, kids are works in progress and many students who are immature sixth graders blossom into thoughtful and wise young people.

My view of adults who make mistakes is different. There is a concept in Jewish law that people are presumed to be good, ethical human beings. The Ethics of the Fathers explicitly states that we should judge every man favorably. But what happens when someone continually violates your trust and disappoints you? Can a person lose his presumption of honesty and does that permit you to behave towards him in a different way?

The Assassination of Richard Nixon is a character study of Samuel Bicke, an individual who makes many mistakes in life but who does not accept responsibility for them. He alienates all those who love him. His story raises the question of how long we should permit a person known to be dishonest or unreliable to cause us damage, either emotionally or financially.

Samuel is psychologically damaged. He often gets angry when things do not go his way. Although he wants to reconcile with his ex-wife Marie, it is clear that she is uninterested and sees him as a loser. Sam also has left the employ of his brother for whom he was working in a successful tire company, complaining that his brother forced him to lie to customers about profit margins. In his despondency, Sam tries to join the Black Panthers, which he views as a societal change agent. His argument to the Black Panther leadership that he, although white, also suffers discrimination does not impress them.

In his new job as a salesman at an office furniture store, his employer describes Richard Nixon as the ultimate salesman, able to win re-election by a wide margin in spite of lying to the American people about his promise to end the Vietnam War. His boss also gives Sam books to read to improve his salesmanship, books such as How to Win Friends and Influence People and The Power of Positive Thinking. Sam, however, is socially inept and no book can alter his tragic trajectory.

The final blow arrives when Sam in desperation implicates his brother, Julius, in a fraudulent plot to steal tires from his brother’s supplier. In a mesmerizing conversation, Julius raises the issue of Sam’s moral integrity. When Sam waffles and does not fully accept responsibility for his actions, Julius washes his hands of his brother. Alone and dejected, Sam then plans to do something which in some way will validate his existence as an individual and which will influence and change the corrupt world as he perceives it.

Observing the lamentable arc of Sam Bicke’s life, it is easy to understand why people reject him. He is needy, unreliable, and dishonest to others and to himself. The general obligation to judge everyone favorably in Jewish law applies to a person when we first meet him. But, if after several encounters, he demonstrates that he is unethical, then our obligation falls away. We are not required to judge him favorably once we have evidence to the contrary.

Indeed, Jewish tradition advises us at the outset to judge others favorably. A righteous person, even in a compromising position, should certainly be given the benefit of the doubt. An average person as well should be given the benefit of the doubt and judged favorably. Even in a case where a negative perception may indicate guilt, one should still judge a person positively and certainly not speak negatively about him. However, a person who consistently behaves unethically should not be given the benefit of the doubt and should be judged unfavorably. Sam Bicke, once a good man, loses his presumption of integrity once he crosses an ethical red line. The Assassination of Richard Nixon tells his story but, more important, it describes the honest reactions of family and friends who understandably lose their trust in him.

Purchase this movie from Amazon.com.